![]() This report highlights the costs to survivors, their families, and employers, and costs borne by the government and paid for with taxpayer dollars. Quantifying what we spend in the aftermath of a shooting-whether the shooting was unintentional, an assault, a shooting by police, or an act of suicide-helps us understand the price we pay for this violence. Rather, it details the depth and breadth of America’s gun violence crisis in an effort to show yet another reason why we must work to solve it now. This report doesn’t try to put a price on human lives. Today in the United States we are all paying an enormous economic cost, as well as an unmeasurable human cost of trauma and loss, for our failure to prevent gun violence. 3 Costs estimated from Everytown for Gun Safety Support Fund, “Calculate the Economic Cost of Gun Violence,” accessed July 13, 2022. This one horrific incident of gun violence left in its wake unspeakable human tragedy, but also an estimated $244.2 million price tag, of which $10.2 million is borne by taxpayers. 2 Jessica Schladebeck, “2 Victims Wounded in Robb Elementary School Shooting Slowly Improving,” New York Daily News, May 31, 2022. On May 24, 2022, an 18-year-old boy shot 38 people, 21 fatally, including 19 children and two teachers-at Robb Elementary School in Uvalde, Texas. Calculate the Cost of Gun ViolenceĬalculate the cost of gun violence in your local community using our interactive tool. However, in states with stronger gun laws, the economic toll of gun violence is less than half this amount, whereas in states where gun laws are weaker and gun injuries and fatalities are higher, gun violence costs residents double or more this amount per person. The average annual cost for overall gun violence in the United States is $1,698 for every resident in the country. The large variation in rates of gun deaths and injuries in the 50 states and Washington, DC, translates into substantial differences in the economic burden from this violence.Ĭompiling this information is vital so that policymakers and constituents can understand how resources are currently being spent and to provide direction for a different tomorrow. ![]() Society loses $1.34 billion daily in quality-of-life costs from the suffering and lost well-being of gun violence victims and their families.Employers lose an average of $1.47 million on a daily basis in productivity, revenue, and costs required to recruit and train replacements for victims of gun violence.American taxpayers pay $30.16 million every day in police and criminal justice costs for investigation, prosecution, and incarceration.Taxpayers, survivors, families, and employers pay an average of $7.79 million daily in health care costs, including immediate and long-term medical and mental health care, plus patient transportation/ambulance costs related to gun violence, and lose an estimated $147.32 million per day related to work missed due to injury or death.This $557 billion problem represents the lifetime costs associated with gun violence, including three types of costs: immediate costs starting at the scene of a shooting, such as police investigations and medical treatment subsequent costs, such as treatment, long-term physical and mental health care, earnings lost to disability or death, and criminal justice costs and cost estimates of quality of life lost over a victim’s life span for pain and suffering of victims and their families.Īs survivors, families, communities, employers, and taxpayers, we all pay for the enormous costs associated with this violence, whether we own a gun or not. If shooting tragedies were prevented from occurring in the first place, the vast funds spent in the aftermath of gun violence could be directed toward beneficial and productive investments such as educating the next generation. 1 US Department of Education, “FY 2022 President’s Budget,” May 28, 2021. This staggering $557 billion figure is five times the nation’s budget for the Department of Education, which funds preschool through college for millions of Americans. In addition to this human impact, examining the serious economic consequences of gun violence offers a wider lens for understanding just how extensive and expensive this crisis is. Without a doubt, the human cost of gun violence-the people who are taken from us and the survivors whose lives are forever altered-is the most devastating. In an average year, gun violence in America kills 40,000 people, wounds twice as many, and has an economic consequence to our nation of $557 billion.
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![]() This farm expansion has 2 names, one for the coin expansion, listed above, and one for the farm cash expansion, listed below.On unknown date, FarmVille removed the neighbor requirements.The Lighthouse Cove occupies 6¼x4¼ (26 9/ 16 = 26.5625 ) plots or 25x17 ( 425) squares of the entire farm size.All farms have two extra rows of 1x1 squares around the edge, for example, the default 12x12 plot farm is actually 50x50 squares (48+2x48+2). ![]() The Lighthouse Cove takes up some of the total farm space available to you. For expansions you need neighbors just like the Home Farm. That means that the NEW FARM BUSHELS are available NOW You can SWAP for them inside your Market Stalls -WHAT BUSHELS ARE YOU LOOKING. Increasing number of plots is possible only by farm expansions. STRAITS OF ARDOUR FARM is getting very, very close. On the Lighthouse cove farm you have a limited number of plots that you can use. When the player has met the requirements, the shipping license will be found in the Gift Box. On March 23, 2012, during the Player Appreciation Week Event (2012), all players are offered a free shipping license for upgrading the Lighthouse Cove to level 10, and should the player already have the Lighthouse Cove at level 10 then the player is required to harvest and may required to use the 'Look Inside' option to trigger the Pop Up notification. Next to that was a version with a greyed out buy button and when you moved a cursor over it, writing that it's "coming soon" and that one of the conditions is that the Lighthouse Cove should be upgraded to level 10. On JanuZynga release license to seed Lighthouse Cove crops on other farms and to transfer items between farms via Storage Cellar. You needed to be at experience level 15 or above to access this farm. On OctoZynga made all farms including this one accessible to all players, even if you have not performed any of the required quests and never have visited this farm before. On Decemaccess to this farm was, again, available to this farm in order to complete the new Welcome Back to Lighthouse Cove Quest until Januwhen the farm access was again removed from any player who had not visited their farm at least one (1) time during this time frame. On Novemaccess to this farm was removed to any player that had not visited the farm at least one (1) time prior to this date. It was released to all players for free on September 19th, 2011 by offering a free boat ticket. Later, on September 12th, 2011 it was introduced with early access for 55 cash. It was first mentioned in FarmVille on August 31st, 2011. In other countries or regions, there's a SIM tray on the left side that holds a "fourth form factor" (4FF) nano-SIM card. On the bottom there is a USB-C connector for charging and transferring data. In the United States, there is no SIM tray. There's an LED True Tone flash on the back. The Action button is on the upper left side, and the side button is on the right side of the device. There are three cameras on the back: Ultra Wide, Main, and Telephoto. The back is textured matte glass, and there's a contoured-edge titanium band around the frame. Virgin Islands), A3104 (China mainland, Hong Kong, Macao), A3102 (other countries and regions)ĭetails: iPhone 15 Pro has a 6.1-inch 1 all-screen Super Retina XDR display with the Dynamic Island. 6 Apple Watch 7 HomePod 8 iPad 8.1 Apple Pencil 8.2 Smart Keyboard 9 iPad Air 10 iPad Pro 11 iPad mini 12 iPhone 13 iPod touch 14 Mac 14.1 iMac 14.2 Mac mini 14.3 MacBook Air 14.4 MacBook Pro 14.5 Mac Studio 15 See Also 16 Notes iOS runs on various different models of devices. Model numbers: A2848 (United States, Puerto Rico), A3101 (Canada, Guam, Japan, Mexico, Saudi Arabia, and U.S. Compare features and technical specifications for iPhone 15 Pro, iPhone 15 Pro Max, iPhone 15, iPhone 15 Plus, iPhone SE and many more. See the tech specs for iPhone 15 Pro Max. The iPhone Wiki is an unofficial wiki dedicated to collecting, storing and providing information on the internals of Apples amazing iDevices. In other countries or regions, there's a SIM tray on the left side that holds a "fourth form factor" (4FF) nano-SIM card. On the bottom there is a USB-C connector for charging and transferring data. However, there are some substantial differences in terms of feature support documented further below, as well. A full list of iPhone devices supported is below. In the United States, there is no SIM tray. Compared to its predecessor - iOS 16 - iOS 17 drops support for the iPhone 8, iPhone 8 Plus, and iPhone X. There's an LED True Tone flash on the back. There are three cameras on the back: Ultra Wide, Main, and Telephoto. The Action button is on the upper left side, and the side button is on the right side of the device. ![]() Virgin Islands), A3108 (China mainland, Hong Kong, Macao), A3106 (other countries and regions)ĭetails: iPhone 15 Pro Max has a 6.7-inch 1 all-screen Super Retina XDR display with the Dynamic Island. Model numbers: A2849 (United States, Puerto Rico), A3105 (Canada, Guam, Japan, Mexico, Saudi Arabia, and U.S. ![]() They are the flagship smartphones in the fourteenth generation of the iPhone, succeeding the iPhone 11 Pro and iPhone 11 Pro Max, respectively. ![]() Colors: Black Titanium, White Titanium, Blue Titanium, Natural Titanium The iPhone 12 Pro and iPhone 12 Pro Max are smartphones designed, developed, and marketed by Apple Inc. ![]() ![]() A fan oven is desirable for dehydrating if not then you will need to open the door frequently to let excess moisture out of the oven. Without good airflow, even with the correct temperature, the food will not dehydrate as well. This will be a lot more accurate and enable you to closely monitor the internal oven temperature.Īirflow is another important factor in dehydrating food. The best way to keep an eye on the temperature inside the oven is with a dedicated oven thermometer. Some oven may struggle to maintain a temperature below 70☌ / 160☏, in cases like this, you will want to prop the oven door open so that the temperature doesn’t get too high. Temperature ranges for dehydrating in the oven or dehydrator:įruit / Fruit Leather: 50☌ – 60☌ / 120☏ – 140☏ Whether you have an electric oven or a gas oven they are usually designed to work at hotter temperatures so achieving a good temperature for drying between 50☌ – 70☌ / 120☏ – 160☏ can take a little bit of fiddling. In most cases, you will want to set your oven to its lowest temperature. Let’s start with oven dry, probably the most accessible form of dehydrating food because pretty much everyone will have an oven.ĭehydrating food in the oven is pretty simple but there are some limitations. Dehydrating Food In The Ovenīoth a dehydrator and a conventional oven will dehydrate most foods in the same way so what are the benefits of using one over the other. A dehydrator can do this and so too can an oven so that is why we are going to compare these two methods. ![]() Of course, not every climate is suitable for a method such as sun-drying so that is where appliances like dehydrators come in.Ī dehydrator or even an oven are able to dry most foods that you want to preserve and there is a degree of control which means you can ensure the food is first of all safe to eat but also that you retain the flavour and taste that you want as well.ĭehydrating meat, for example, requires careful control of temperature to ensure the meat doesn’t spoil before it is dried. Sun drying is another method that is still in use with sun-dried tomatoes being the obvious candidate. Drying herbs, for example, is best done by air drying because you lose less of the delicate aroma and flavour of the herbs. Methods that have been used for thousands of years like air drying are still in use today. There are, of course, other methods of dry. These two methods of dehydrating food are probably the most common ways people are recommended to dry food so that is why we are concentrating on these two. Should I Get A Dehydrator Or Use The Oven?. ![]() The increase was due almost entirely to growth in the number of people who identified as White and some other race, according to the 2020 census.Īt the same time, the number of Latinos who identified as White and no other race declined from 26.7 million in 2010 to 10.7 million in 2022. This population grew from 2.1 million to 24.9 million between 20 and now represents about 91% of multiracial Latinos. Growth in the number of multiracial Latinos comes primarily from those who identify as at least one specific race and “some other race” (i.e., those who write in a response). The increase could be due to several factors, including changes to the census form that make it easier for people to select multiple races and growing racial diversity. More than 27 million Latinos identified with more than one race in 2022, up from 3 million in 2010. The number of Latinos who say they are multiracial has increased dramatically. Their population grew by 8.4 million during this time, accounting for 34% of the overall increase. The next closest group is non-Hispanic people who identify with two or more races. population grew by 24.5 million from 2010 to 2022, and Hispanics accounted for 53% of this increase – a greater share than any other racial or ethnic group. Hispanics have played a major role in U.S. In 2022, Hispanics made up nearly one-in-five people in the U.S. The 26% increase in the Hispanic population was faster than the nation’s 8% growth rate but slower than the 34% increase in the Asian population. Hispanic population reached 63.6 million in 2022, up from 50.5 million in 2010. Some ACS and census data is from Integrated Public Use Microdata Series (IPUMS) of the University of Minnesota. ![]() Data from the 2022 ACS and some from the 2010 ACS are from tabulations released by U.S. on Hispanic origin, language use, country of birth and educational attainment. Hispanic population using the American Community Survey (ACS), which provides data for states and the U.S. We also examined characteristics of the U.S. The decennial census ( PL94-171 census data) provided some historical state and national population counts, and population estimates provided the latest data on total population, births and immigration. As part of our ongoing research about Hispanics in the United States, we analyzed how this group has changed over time using data from the U.S. ![]() the debtor’s financial state at the time of the transaction was precarious.The Court of Appeal reviewed the “badges of fraud” which, when present, may raise a suspicion of fraud that needs to be rebutted. Rather, it is enough to plead facts that support an allegation that the transferor perceived risk from a general class of future creditors and made the conveyance with an intent to defeat such potential future persons. To plead fraudulent conveyance does not require naming a specific, knowable creditor exists. ![]() What matters is that at the time of the conveyance, there is an intention to defraud creditors. The Court makes clear that a creditor, as referred to in s 2 applies to both present and future creditors. ![]() The appellate court held that the motion judge erred in its interpretation of the Fraudulent Conveyances Act. The OSC appealed to the Ontario Court of Appeal. The motion judge found that Bluestream, and accordingly, the OSC, were not in the class of persons contemplated by the Fraudulent Conveyances Act -in other words, they were not ‘creditors or others’ at the time that Fred transferred his interest in the home to Mirella. The motion judge struck the OSC’s claim relating to fraudulent conveyance, finding that the pleadings of fraudulent conveyance were insufficiently particular to support a claim under s 2 of the Fraudulent Conveyances Act. A pleading will be struck only if it is ‘plain and obvious’ that the claim is certain to fail because it contains a radical defect. Accordingly, the OSC sought to set aside Fred’s 1996 conveyance of his interest in the family home to Mirella, claiming that the conveyance was fraudulent because it was made with the intent and purpose of defeating Fred’s existing and future creditors.įred and Mirella brought a motion to strike the OSC’s claims. OSC brought an action against the current respondents to recover the money loaned to them by Bluestream. In 2018 the OSC, issued a disgorgement order against Bluestream on behalf of the defrauded investors. The business associate turned out to be a fraudster, having defrauded many through a fraudulent investment scheme. Some 15 years later, Fred, facing financial difficulty, obtained a loan from a business associate via the company Bluestream International Investments Inc. ![]() The OSC alleges that at the time the transfer was made, Fred and Mirella were concerned about Fred’s potential exposure from the rapidly expanding electrical services business, in which the company took on high-risk projects. Four months after, both Fred and his business partner, using the same lawyer and on the same day, conveyed their interests in their family homes to their respective spouses for no consideration. The OSC’s statement of claim, alleges that in 1996, Fred and his business partner incorporated an electrical services business. Fred and Mirella purchased a family home in 1988, taking title in joint tenancy. Fred is the sole director and shareholder of the corporate respondent, Camerlengo Holdings Inc. The personal respondents are spouses, Fred and Mirella Camerlengo. This decision involved a claim of fraudulent conveyance by the Ontario Securities Commission’s (“OSC”) against the respondents. Camerlengo Holdings Inc., 2023 ONCA 93, the Ontario Court of Appeal reaffirmed that “creditors” refers to both present and future creditors. Section 2 of the Fraudulent Conveyances Act provides that conveyances of real or personal property made with the intent to defeat, hinder, delay or defraud creditors or others of their lawful action are void as against such persons. Can individuals take steps to make themselves ‘creditor proof’ against future creditors, even when there is no such creditor at the time? If there are sufficient “badges of fraud” present, the answer may be no. ![]() For example, suppose you had a caloric intake of 3,000 calories per day and a weight of 300lbs. With bivariate analysis, there is a Y value for each X. With two sample data analysis (like a two-sample is a test in Excel), X and Y are not directly related and there will also be a different number of data values in each sample. Caloric intake will be your independent variable, X, and weight will be your dependent variable, Y.īivariate analysis and two sample data analyses are not the same. For example, you might be eager to find out the relationship between caloric intake and weight (of course, the two are related very strongly). The results we get from the bivariate analysis can be stored in a two-column data table. The multivariate analysis involves the analysis of more than two variables. The bivariate analysis involves the analysis of exactly two variables. The univariate analysis involves an analysis of one (“uni”) variable. Usually, it involves the variables X and Y. It is one of the simplest forms of statistical analysis, which is used to find out if there is a relationship between two sets of values. Bivariate analysis is a simple (two-variable) and special case of multivariate analysis (where simultaneously multiple relations between multiple variables are examined).īivariate analysis can be defined as the analysis of bivariate data. We can say, it is the analysis of the relationship between the two variables. Both univariate analysis and bivariate analysis can be descriptive or inferential. There can be a contrast between bivariate analysis and univariate analysis in which only one variable is analyzed. It is very helpful in determining to what extent it becomes easier to know and predicts a value for one variable (possibly a dependent variable) if the value of the other variable (possibly the independent variable) is known (see also correlation and simple linear regression). It involves the analysis of two variables (it is often denoted as X, Y), for the purpose of determining the empirical relationship between them.īivariate analysis is extremely helpful in testing simple hypotheses of association. It is one of the simplest forms of quantitative (statistical) analysis. They are often reported in quality of life research. the duration of the eruption.īivariate analysis is an analysis of two variables to determine the relationships between them. For example, the scatterplot below shows the relationship between the time between eruptions at Old Faithful vs. Sometimes, something as simple as plotting one variable against another on a Cartesian plane can give you a clear picture of what the data is trying to tell you. One tool in the statistician’s toolbox is bivariate data analysis. For example, it is pretty helpful to be able to predict when a natural event might occur. Traffic accidents along with the weather on a particular day.īivariate data has many practical uses in real life. Sale of Ice cream compared to the temperature of that day. Bivariate data could also be two sets of items that are dependent on each other. When you conduct a study that looks at a single variable, that study involves univariate data. Depending on the number of variables being looked at, the data might be univariate, or it might be bivariate. For example, “height” and “weight” might be two different variables. Out of the two variables, one is dependent and the other is independent.ĭata in statistics are sometimes classified according to how many variables are in a particular study. Analysis of the changes in the two variables is called bivariate analysis. Now suppose you need to find a relation between the weights and heights of college students, then also you have bivariate data. To find out their average SAT score and their age, you have two pieces of the puzzle to find (SAT score and age). For example, you are studying a group of college students. Bivariate data help you in studying two variables. ![]() If you already subscribe to HBO Max, there won't be any changes to your subscription price with Max – but the new service will make 4K streaming exclusive to a new higher tier, which is something of a downgrade. Max will cost more than HBO Max for 4K streaming The official Max help page says "we anticipate that Max will be available on the same devices as HBO Max", but you can find a full list of supported devices on that help page. You apparently shouldn't need to sign in on devices where HBO Max was already installed.įor those who previously used HBO Max on Android, Apple, DirecTV, LG TV, PlayStation, Samsung TV or Xbox, you should instead open the existing HBO Max app and choose 'Download'. If you're on Roku, Amazon, Cox, Vizio TV or Xfinity, you can simply find the Max app using the search function and open it. But what does that mean if you're an existing subscriber? It depends where you usually use the streaming service. Max is expected to become available in Europe and South East Asia in 2024.(Image credit: rafapress / ) Max is currently only available in the U.S., but there are plans to launch Max in more countries, including Latin America and the Caribbean, by the end of the year. Then a 2022 merger between Discovery and WarnerMedia paved the way for the decision to combine HBO Max with Discovery+. ![]() HBO GO and HBO Now streaming services were merged into HBO Max in 2020. HBO has existed under several brands in recent years. Some users have also reported problems logging in to their existing HBO accounts on Apple TV, while others are having trouble seeing 4K HDR content. In terms of Apple devices, Max is available on iPhone, iPad, Mac, and Apple TV.īased on initial user reports, it looks like the Max app for Apple TV does not synchronize with the TV app's Up Next section, and the service has reverted to using a custom player instead of the native tvOS player. Max can be streamed to a wealth of smart TVs, set-top boxes, and consoles. The full list of 4K content available to stream on Max's Ultimate Ad-Free tier can be found in the Warner Bros. Includes 4 concurrent streams, up to 4K UHD resolution, 100 offline downloads, and Dolby Atmos sound quality. Includes 2 concurrent streams, 1080p resolution, 30 offline downloads, and 5.1 surround sound quality. Includes 2 concurrent streams, 1080p resolution, no offline downloads, and 5.1 surround sound quality. The Max streaming service is being offered at three different price plans: Discovery+ will continue to be available as a standalone service. Discovery+ customers can sign up as new Max customers, as those subscriptions will not transition. On some platforms, the HBO Max app will automatically be updated to the Max app, and on others, users will be prompted to download the Max app when attempting to open the HBO Max app. ![]() Those who subscribe through a TV, mobile, or wireless provider will be informed of any price or plan changes. ![]() says that existing HBO Max subscribers that subscribe through HBO will have access to Max at the same price as their HBO Max subscription, with more information available on the HBO Max website. The new Max service also claims to feature smarter recommendations, improved app performance, easier sign-in and navigation, new profile PINs for adult profiles, and new Hubs and genres. It also rolls in Discovery favorites from TV brands including HGTV, the Food Network, TLC, ID, Magnolia Network, Discovery, and more. today launches its new "Max" streaming service that merges HBO Max and Discovery+ content, and the new rebranded app is already appearing on Apple devices and can be downloaded from the App Store.Īnnounced last month, Max includes all HBO series and movies, Max Originals, and select series and movies from Warner Bros., the DC Universe, Cartoon Network, the Turner Library, Looney Tunes, Adult Swim, and more. ![]() Whenever you make a change to the files on your computer, the change will be synced with your backup copy in the cloud. PCloud will then save all the folders you selected and the files inside them to the cloud. First, you select the folders that you want to back up to the cloud. This is different from pCloud’s sync feature but works similarly. PCloud Backup service allows you to back up folders on your PC to your pCloud account. It adds an extra layer of security to your important files and folders. It encrypts your files before uploading them to pCloud. If you want to back up your important files but are worried about their security, you should check out pCloud Crypto. ![]() Now, pCloud will keep your folder in sync with the cloud drive. Just find the folder you want to sync in your operating system’s File Manager, right-click the folder and select Sync to pCloud, and select a location in your pCloud account where you want this folder to be. So, you can edit them even when offline, and the changes are then synced to your cloud drive when you go back online. Although the pCloud Drive’s virtual hard drive feels seamless, it doesn’t work without the internet.īut the files inside a synced folder always remain on your computer as well. This feature is helpful if you want to work with your files even when you’re offline. This feature is different from pCloud Drive’s virtual drive feature because it keeps a current copy of your files on both your device and the server. PCloud Drive allows you to select folders that you want to keep in sync with your online pCloud drive. I can just edit them directly on my computer and the changes are synced to the cloud automatically. What I love about pCloud’s virtual hard drive is that I don’t have to open the app to edit the files. And you’ll be able to edit all your files without any delays. This way, you could have 2 TB of data stored in your cloud drive without it taking up any space on your computer. It downloads files when you open them to view or edit. It shows all your pCloud files directly on your computer but doesn’t download them all. This is the magic of pCloud’s virtual hard drive. When you open the drive, you’ll see all your cloud files on your computer.Īlthough you can view and edit any of the files in your pCloud drive, those files aren’t actually on your physical hard disk. It shows your pCloud as a virtual drive on your computer. This is the best best part about the pCloud Drive app. See Your pCloud Drive as a Virtual Drive In Your Computer When any person who has access to the folder makes a change to the files inside, those changes are synced to the cloud automatically. This way, you can collaborate with other people. With pCloud, you can not only give people access to individual files, but you can also share access to a folder and all the files inside it. Key Features Give People Access To Your Folders It explores pCloud’s features in depth, including their excellent LIFETIME cloud storage plans. If you’ve never heard of pCloud before, you should check out my pCloud cloud storage review. These files are only downloaded (streamed) when you open or edit them. The biggest benefit of this is that pCloud doesn’t fill up your computer with any files you might have uploaded to pCloud. The main feature of this application is that it adds a virtual hard drive to your computer that is connected to your pCloud Drive. You can download this application for Windows, macOS, and Linux. PCloud Drive is a desktop application that you get with your pCloud Cloud Storage service account. In this article, I’ll explore what pCloud Drive is, how to get it, and if it’s worth your time. The drive is one of pCloud’s best features. This secure virtual drive makes it easy to manage and sync the files you store in your pCloud drive. When you share a link to a folder, you can allow other pCloud users to upload files to this folder from the link, by turning on the Upload option from the settings of the link.PCloud Drive is an app for desktop devices offered by pCloud cloud storage service. For extra security, you can protect shared links with a password or set an expiration date. These links are dynamic, so they will always show the latest version of the files you share. Shared links allow anyone who has access, to view and download the files inside. Share Link - the easiest way to share large files with users, even if they don't have a pCloud account.Once the users you invite, accept your invitation, you are ready to start collaborating with them. ![]() You can control the level of access by setting "View", "Edit" or "Manage" (pCloud Business only) permissions. Invite to folder - allows you to share the folder with other pCloud users.You'll see two options: Share Link and Invite to folder It's easy to share folders with anyone, even if they don't have a pCloud account: Sometimes when we are masking, we leave a halo edge around our mask that makes the photo look a little wonky. The Chisel Tool may be suited best for composite masking when you’re working on multiple layers, but it will still help with substantial adjustments and filter modifications. Chisel Your Mask for Cleaner Looking Edges In this portrait, I’m using an Adjustable Gradient set to Edges to focus the Lighten Local Adjustment Layer on the inside of the mask and brighten where the couple is standing.Ĥ. These are beneficial tools if you want to focus the viewer’s attention on a particular area of your shot. If you select the Edges shape, it will apply the modification strictly to the inside of the mask, protecting everywhere outside of it. When you choose the Center shape, for example, it will apply the adjustment everywhere except the center of your mask. When you select either the Masking Bug (B on your keyboard) or the Adjustable Gradient, you can modify the shape in the top tool modifier bar. One thing I like to use them for is to create custom vignetting in my scene. Gradients and Radial masks also work great when targeting light on your photo. In this image, I’m using my Adjustable Gradient (Shift + K on your keyboard) to apply the Lighten Local Adjustment Layer to the top of my image brightening the area where the couple is so that they stand out in the frame more. ![]() The gradients work well if you’re looking to protect your foreground or background from an adjustment because you can adjust your mask feathering, position, size, and you can even rotate. By using a gradient to mask, you can protect specific areas in your photos without sacrificing harsh edges. These tools use shapes and gradients to blend adjustments and filters into your photograph. If you’re looking to blend an adjustment onto a shot with ease, the Adjustable Gradient and Masking Bug are going to be your best bet. Utilize Different Masking Shapes & Gradients By keeping the middle of the brush over your targeted area, you will protect the different tones near the edges of your brush, making sure they don’t get modified.ģ. ![]() ![]() To improve the edges of a mask with your perfect brush, make sure you keep the Plus or Minus sign (depending on what Brush Mode) stays on top of the adjustment or layer you are looking to brush away/add. The Perfect Brush will work perfectly in this situation. If I want to maintain the naturalness of the image, I need to refine the sides of the mask. I’ve used my Masking Brush to remove a portion of my base layer and reveal the new sky layer underneath, but I have a messy edge near the top of my rock. With this image, I’m trying to replace the sky behind Haystack Rock. To enable the perfect brush, make sure you have a brush selected and enter (CMD + R) on your keyboard. I like to use the Perfect Brush for cleaning up the sides of my mask, whether I’m replacing a sky or I’m modifying the edges around a portrait, and I don’t want to alter any skin tones. The Perfect Brush is an excellent tool for helping out the edges of your mask. Using the Perfect Brush to Refine Your Masking Edges It works on both Mac and Windows and will not watermark your photos during the trial period.Ģ. ON1 Photo RAW gives you all the masking tools you’ll ever need to tap into your creative side. Improve Your Photo Masking with ON1’s Photo RAW Software.Use a Color Range Mask to Selectively Apply Filters or Adjustments. ![]() Chisel Your Mask for Cleaner Looking Edges.Utilize Different Masking Shapes & Gradients.Using the Perfect Brush to Refine Your Masking Edges.Use Your Brush Edge to Your Advantage When Masking Images.Here are some of my favorite tips and tricks for getting the most out of my masks. With an array of masking tools, ON1 Photo RAW makes selective editing with masking incredibly fun and easy. Factor into that the tools needed to mask or brush away layers and objects, and you’re well on your way to creating a work of art with a composite of images. The ability to apply filters and adjustments selectively using masking techniques opens an entirely new world of possibilities with a photo’s look. When editing photos, masking can be a potent tool in post-processing. |
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